ROMANIA · UTILITY-SCALE WIND · LAND & DEVELOPMENT

A wind project is built across a territory, not on a parcel.

Wind development begins with resource potential, but the investment becomes real only when the required land, access, infrastructure corridors and regulatory position can be controlled.

Unlike a solar project, a wind farm does not normally require one compact development surface. It requires a network of strategically connected rights: turbine locations · access roads · crane and construction areas · underground cables · substation · grid corridor · measurement and temporary access.

TBI works with developers and strategic operators seeking to originate and structure wind development platforms in Romania through local land control, cadastral coordination, landowner engagement and disciplined execution.

The objective is not to control the most hectares. It is to control the hectares that the project cannot exist without.

01 · THE WIND PROJECT FOUNDATION

Land follows the layout — but development cannot wait for the final layout.

The wind resource, turbine technology, environmental constraints and access conditions determine where turbines can ultimately be positioned. The land strategy must therefore manage two realities simultaneously: a development perimeter large enough to preserve technical optionality and critical project rights precise enough to prevent access, infrastructure or ownership gaps from blocking development.

A wind project can have a large geographic perimeter while occupying only a comparatively limited physical surface.

Does the project control every critical point between turbine and grid?

02 · WIND SITE SCREENING

Wind resource is necessary. Developability is decisive.

A prospective perimeter should be screened before intensive land contracting begins.

• WIND RESOURCE — regional wind regime, terrain, turbulence, long-term correlation and preliminary energy yield.
• LAND & CADASTRAL POSITION — ownership, Land Books, fragmentation, boundaries, access and ownership history.
• TRANSPORT & CONSTRUCTION ACCESS — blade and tower transport, turning radii, bridges, road upgrades, gradients and construction logistics.
• GRID CONTEXT — connection zone, network capacity, substation strategy and applicable allocation procedure.
• ENVIRONMENT — protected areas, avifauna, bats, habitats, cumulative impact and environmental sensitivity.
• AVIATION & RESTRICTED AREAS — aeronautical servitudes, radar, height restrictions and other location-specific constraints.
• COMMUNITY CONTEXT — settlements, local land use, agricultural operations, landowner concentration and local acceptance.
• PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE — internal roads, cables, substation, met mast / LiDAR position and temporary work areas.

GO → CONDITIONAL → REDESIGN → NO-GO

03 · LAND ORIGINATION & SITE CONTROL

Wind land control is a network.

For wind, acquiring control over one large block of land is not necessarily sufficient. The project may require rights from multiple owners for turbine foundations, platforms, permanent and temporary access, underground cables, turning areas, substation, evacuation corridor, measurement equipment and easements.

A small parcel can carry more project risk than hundreds of hectares of surrounding land.

04 · TURBINE, ROADS, CABLES & SUBSTATION

Every project component creates a different land requirement.

A turbine position is not simply a point on a map. The land package must consider the complete infrastructure envelope.

• TURBINE POSITION — foundation, platform, operational access and required rights around the structure.
• INTERNAL ROAD — permanent access plus any temporary widening required during construction.
• CABLE ROUTE — underground corridor, access for installation and future maintenance.
• SUBSTATION — land configuration, road access and relationship to the evacuation route.
• GRID CORRIDOR — rights required between the project substation and connection infrastructure.
• CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS — temporary areas necessary for transport, storage, assembly and crane operations.

These components should be reflected independently in the cadastral and contractual strategy.

05 · SUPERFICIES & LAND RIGHTS

Site control should preserve development flexibility.

For Romanian wind development, contractual structure should follow the project stage. Depending on the project, the land strategy may combine promise / option structures for early development control, superficies for long-term project rights, easements or servitudes for access and infrastructure, and acquisition for selected strategic assets where ownership is commercially justified.

The correct mix is transaction-specific. Contracts should address more than duration and compensation and, where applicable, should also consider exclusivity, development access, cadastral operations, assignment to the project SPV or investor, lender requirements, construction and operating rights, decommissioning, termination, project redesign, succession and transfer.

Land contracts should survive the project’s evolution.

06 · GRID ACCESS 2026

Grid allocation has become a capital discipline.

From 1 January 2026, Romania’s capacity-allocation methodology applies to relevant generation projects with installed capacity of at least 5 MW. For 2026, an applicant must constitute a participation guarantee of EUR 20,000/MW of capacity requested when submitting the allocation application.

The application framework also requires the project’s geographical area to be identified using Stereo 70 coordinates, together with the requested capacity and the other required applicant information. For a wind developer, that reinforces the connection between land origination and grid strategy.

WIND PERIMETER → PROJECT COORDINATES
↓
LAND CONTROL → CAPACITY REQUEST → CAPITAL COMMITMENT

Grid is no longer only a technical workstream. It is also a development-capital workstream.

07 · AVIATION, DEFENCE & ENVIRONMENT

Height changes the risk profile.

Wind projects are unusually sensitive to constraints that may not materially affect other renewable technologies.

• AVIATION
• RADAR / RESTRICTED AREAS
• MILITARY CONSIDERATIONS
• NATURA 2000
• AVIFAUNA & BAT ACTIVITY
• SETTLEMENTS & NOISE
• SHADOW FLICKER
• ARCHAEOLOGY
• CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

The certificate of urbanism identifies the specific approvals and agreements required for the particular location and investment before construction authorisation. Aviation procedures can also treat individual turbine locations as separate objectives within applicable aeronautical-servitude regimes, which is why turbine location and height must be screened early.

08 · WIND RESOURCE & MEASUREMENT

Resource confidence develops over time.

A preliminary wind map identifies opportunity. It does not create an investment-grade energy assessment.

• MET MAST / LiDAR
• LONG-TERM CORRELATION
• TERRAIN MODELLING
• WAKE ANALYSIS
• P50 / P90 ENERGY ASSESSMENT
• TURBINE-SPECIFIC MICRO-SITING

Resource, environment, land and layout interact continuously. A turbine can move because of wind performance, wake effects, environmental constraints, geotechnical conditions, landowner position, access, aviation or grid architecture.

Land control should preserve movement before micro-siting removes it.

09 · LANDOWNER & COMMUNITY STRATEGY

Local execution is part of development risk.

Wind projects extend across communities and agricultural operating areas. Landowner engagement should therefore be treated as a managed project workstream.

• LANDOWNER MAPPING
• CONTACT & NEGOTIATION
• CONTRACT STATUS
• SUCCESSION / OWNERSHIP ISSUES
• CRITICAL-PARCEL ESCALATION
• LOCAL AUTHORITY INTERFACE
• AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
• COMMUNICATION CONSISTENCY

All landowners within the same development perimeter do not necessarily require identical commercial treatment, but the negotiation framework must remain explainable and internally consistent.

10 · PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT WORKSTREAMS

Wind development is parallel, not sequential.

• LAND — owners, contracts, cadastre, access and corridors.
• WIND RESOURCE — measurement, correlation and energy yield.
• GRID — allocation, studies and connection strategy.
• ENVIRONMENT — screening, avifauna, bats and EIA / Natura procedures.
• AVIATION & RESTRICTED AREAS — height, radar and applicable approvals.
• URBANISM & PERMITTING — CU, approvals, DTAC and AC.
• TECHNICAL — layout, turbine selection, roads, foundations and electrical.
• COMMUNITY — stakeholders, local authorities and agricultural operations.
• CAPITAL — development budget, grid guarantee and FID readiness.

All workstreams feed the same project decision.

11 · STAGE-GATE DEVELOPMENT

From perimeter to operating wind asset.

GREENFIELD
↓
WIND PERIMETER
↓
INITIAL SITE SCREENING
↓
LAND CONTROL
↓
RESOURCE MEASUREMENT
↓
GRID STRATEGY / CAPACITY ALLOCATION
↓
ENVIRONMENT & RESTRICTED-AREA SCREENING
↓
MICRO-SITING
↓
PERMITTING
↓
RTB
↓
FID
↓
CONSTRUCTION
↓
COMMISSIONING
↓
COD

Each gate should increase certainty in land, energy yield, grid, permitting and capital simultaneously.

12 · INVESTOR-READY WIND PROJECT

A turbine layout is not an investment package.

A wind project becomes transferable and investable when its development history can be understood from documentation. The data room should progressively include:

• LAND REGISTER
• LAND BOOK / CADASTRAL PACKAGE
• SIGNED RIGHTS & CONTRACT MATRIX
• ACCESS & CABLE CORRIDORS
• WIND RESOURCE FILE
• ENERGY-YIELD STUDIES
• GRID FILE
• ENVIRONMENTAL FILE
• AVIATION / RESTRICTED-AREA APPROVALS
• PERMITTING REGISTER
• TECHNICAL LAYOUT
• DEVELOPMENT BUDGET
• RISK REGISTER
• RESIDUAL-RISK SUMMARY

what is controlled · what is approved · what remains conditional · what can still move

13 · TBI WIND EXECUTION

Local land execution for utility-scale wind.

TBI operates between developers, landowners and local project reality. Our wind work may include perimeter origination, landowner identification, direct negotiation, site-control strategy, promises / options / superficies coordination, cadastral workstream, subdivisions and new Land Books, road and cable-corridor control, substation land, local-authority coordination, owner and parcel registers, documentation tracking, due-diligence support and specialist-workstream coordination.

Where legal, environmental, engineering, aviation, grid, wind-resource or EPC expertise is required, those services should be performed by the appropriately qualified specialists and integrated into the overall development plan.

TBI does not replace the wind engineer. TBI builds the local land and execution platform on which the engineer can develop the project.

RELATED STRATEGIES

Farmland investment ↗ · Solar development ↗ · AgriEnergy strategy ↗

CONFIDENTIAL WIND MANDATE

Build a wind development position in Romania.

Tell us the target MW, region, preferred development stage, turbine assumptions, land strategy, grid approach and timetable. TBI can assess whether a suitable perimeter and local development platform can be originated and structured.

Confidential landowner, site and project information is disclosed only to qualified counterparties and, where appropriate, subject to confidentiality arrangements.

This page provides general market and development information and does not constitute legal, regulatory, engineering, environmental, investment, tax or financial advice.